- The study reveals that a Bronze Age people known as the Yamnaya, who migrated from the steppes of present-day Ukraine and Russia to northwestern Europe, carried gene variants associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis.
- The gene variants that are prevalent in MS today were widespread among the Yamnaya, suggesting that these genes may have provided some advantage to the nomadic herders. The researchers propose that these genes may have offered protection against infections transmitted by their cattle and sheep.
- The study involved examining DNA from approximately 1,600 ancient Eurasians, uncovering major population shifts in northern Europe over time. The Yamnaya, who herded livestock and traveled with horses and wagons, significantly influenced the genetic makeup of the region.
- By comparing ancient DNA to a contemporary gene bank with around 400,000 samples from present-day individuals, the researchers observed that MS-linked genetic variations persisted in northern Europe, where the Yamnaya migrated, rather than in southern Europe.
- The findings shed light on the high prevalence of MS in certain populations, particularly among white descendants of northern Europeans. MS is an autoimmune disease where immune cells attack nerve fibers, leading to varying symptoms and disability.
- The study proposes that differences in exposure to animal germs between ancient and modern humans may contribute to the complex interplay of genetic factors in MS development.
- While the research offers a plausible explanation for the north-south divide in MS risk in Europe, further studies are needed to confirm and expand upon these findings.
This groundbreaking study highlights the potential impact of ancient DNA research in unraveling the genetic basis of complex diseases and understanding the historical factors that shaped human populations and health outcomes.
