Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell of the United States, along with Japan’s Shimon Sakaguchi, have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their pioneering discoveries in immune regulation.
Their research has “laid the foundation for a new field of study” and opened pathways for developing advanced treatments for cancer, autoimmune disorders, and transplant success,
Sakaguchi, 74, made the first major discovery in 1995, identifying a previously unknown class of immune cells that protect the body from attacking itself. This challenged the earlier belief that immune tolerance was only maintained through “central tolerance” — the elimination of harmful immune cells in the thymus.
In 2001, Brunkow (born 1961) and Ramsdell (64) further advanced the field when they discovered that certain mice prone to autoimmune diseases carried a mutation in the F.IPEX syndrome, to be The laureates will receive their gold medal, diploma, and a $1.2 million prize from King Carl XVI Gustaf of SwedenaTen, brands
Concerns Over US Scientific Leadership
The Nobel Committee also warned that massive US science budget cuts under President Donald Trumpcould oneNational Institutes of Health (NIH)has2,100 grants worth $9.5 billion,
Meanwhile, Trump has publicly expressed his desire to win a Nobel Peace Prize, though experts note that his “America First” policies make this highly unlikely.
The 2025 Nobel announcementsCONTAINOctober 13.
